[84] At night, a cool southerly breeze carries moisture from the Bay of Bengal. The judiciary is composed of the Calcutta High Court and a system of lower courts. [203] The five-day-long colourful Hindu festival includes intense celebration across the state. "Don't fall for rumours. Name Abbr. [216] Sir William Jones established the Asiatic Society in 1794 to promote oriental studies. Tags: Bengali vs Outsiders BJP Dilip Ghosh SHAH RUKH KHAN TMC West Bengal Elections 2021 West Bengal Elections with ABP Ananda West Bengal politics সম্পর্কিত ঘটনা The population development of the State of West Bengal by census years. Sensing opportunity, politicians are jumping into the fray. 1) Bengali Brahmins are distinct. (estimated). [69] Significant strides have been made in reducing unemployment,[70] though the state suffers from substandard healthcare services,[71][72] a lack of socio-economic development,[73] poor infrastructure,[74] unemployment and civil violence. Religions in West Bengal. The state's main ethnic group are the Bengalis, with the Bengali Hindus forming the demographic majority. The population growth rate recorded for this decade (2001-2011) was 68.13%. [26] According to the Indian epic Mahabharata the region was part of the Vanga Kingdom. [133][134] The Northeast Frontier Railway (NFR) serves the northern parts of the state. Beginning in the mid-2000s, armed activists conducted minor terrorist attacks in some parts of the state. The detail analysis of Population Census 2011 published by Govt. The Koch dynasty in northern Bengal flourished during the 16th and 17th centuries; it weathered the Mughals and survived until the advent of the British colonial era. Com curadoria dos analistas de dados da Knoema para fornecer indicadores e previsões líderes de curto e longo prazo a partir de fontes confiáveis para cada uma das indústrias cobertas. The leader of the party or coalition with a majority in the Legislative Assembly is appointed as the Chief Minister by the Governor. The Kolkata metro is the country's first underground railway. School attendance is almost The population of all cities and towns in the State of West Bengal by census years. The Vidyasagar College was established in 1872 and was the first purely Indian-run private college in India. of India for West Bengal state reveal that population of West Bengal has increased by 13.84% in this decade compared (2001-2011) to past decade (1991-2001). West Bengal Population 2019 –96.33904 Million. Some contemporary directors include veterans such as: Buddhadeb Dasgupta, Tarun Majumdar, Goutam Ghose, Aparna Sen, and Rituparno Ghosh, and a newer pool of directors such as Kaushik Ganguly and Srijit Mukherji. 56,519,760 (Persons) in 2011 West Bengal non working population was 56.5 million persons in 2011, up by 0.00% from 2001. [57], The state's economic recovery gathered momentum after the central government introduced economic liberalisations in the mid-1990s. It was the gateway to the revolution of European education during the British Raj. [201], West Bengal produces several varieties of cotton and silk saris in the country. The cuisine contains sweets as well as other meal accompanying dishes. But that’s really not what I’m interested in. [115] The state's per capita income has lagged the all India average for over two decades. Christian and Buddhism with 0.72% and 0.31%. West Bengal has a conviction rate of 5.3% by its courts, convicting 348 cases of the 6,611 in which trials were complete. [103] The state has one autonomous region, the Gorkhaland Territorial Administration. [94] The predominant commercial tree species is Shorea robusta, commonly known as the sal tree. Richard Maxwell Eaton, The rise of Islam and the Bengal frontier, 1204–1760, 1993. Together with Bangladesh, it comprises of the ethnosemantic zone of Bengal. [47] The failed Indian rebellion of 1857 started near Calcutta and resulted in a transfer of authority to the British Crown,[48] administered by the Viceroy of India. [143], According to the provisional results of the 2011 national census, West Bengal is the fourth-most-populous state in India with a population of 91,347,736 (7.55% of India's population). The vast majority of Hindus in West Bengal are Bengali Hindusnumbering around 5.4 crore and comprising 59% of the state population, but a notable section of non-Bengali Hindus also exist, particularly among Marwaris, Biharis… [97] The high-altitude forests of Singalila National Park shelter barking deer, red panda, chinkara, takin, serow, pangolin, minivet and kalij pheasants. West Bengal is also home to indigenous tribal Adivasis such as: Santhal, Munda, Oraon, Bhumij, Lodha, Kol and Toto tribe. City Size and Population Density. T he spotlight in 2021 seems to be on the West Bengal assembly election but it is the Assam polls that will tell the big political story of recent years — another convincing win by the Bharatiya Janata Party would show how it has learnt to capture territories that are not organic to it, not just electorally, but also politically and culturally. The idols of the goddess are brought in from Kumortuli, where idol-makers work throughout the year fashioning clay-models of the goddess. [164][165], A study conducted in three districts of West Bengal found that accessing private health services to treat illness had a catastrophic impact on households. Notable sports persons from West Bengal include former Indian national cricket team captain Sourav Ganguly, Pankaj Roy, Olympic tennis bronze medallist Leander Paes and chess grand master Dibyendu Barua. [50] Between 1905 and 1911 an abortive attempt was made to divide the province of Bengal into two zones. In rural regions of West Bengal state, female sex ratio per 1000 males was 953 while same for the child (0-6 age) was 959 girls per 1000 boys. [106] Each district is subdivided into sub-divisions, governed by a Sub-Divisional Magistrate, and again into blocks. [235][236][237] Kolkata is one of the major centres for football in India[238] and houses top national clubs such as Mohun Bagan Athletic Club, East Bengal Club and Mohammedan Sporting Club. 2. Hinduism constitutes 70.54% of West Bengal population. Several independent Hindu states were established in Bengal during the Mughal period, including those of Pratapaditya of Jessore District and Raja Sitaram Ray of Bardhaman. Hindi in the Devanagari script is the official language of Bihar and Sanskrit is a mandatory subject at the primary and secondary education. Also prominent are Dwijendralal, Atulprasad and Rajanikanta's songs, and adhunik or modern music from films and other composers. [136], Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport at Dum Dum, Kolkata, is the state's largest airport. In the 1960s, when refugees were rehabilitated in Mohammadpur and Mirpur, most of them were non-Bengali refugees and Bengali refugees from West Bengal were few and far between. [140], Several government-owned organisations operate bus services in the state, including: the Calcutta State Transport Corporation, the North Bengal State Transport Corporation, the South Bengal State Transport Corporation, the West Bengal Surface Transport Corporation and the Calcutta Tramways Company. [115] Per-capita NSDP growth rate at current prices varied from 9.4% in 2010–2011 to a high of 16.15% in 2013–2014. [139] There is passenger service to Port Blair on the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Subsequently, a lot of Muslims from Bangladesh also started fleeing to West Bengal because of extreme poverty in their state. The state capital is Kolkata, the third-largest metropolis, and seventh largest city by population in India. Kolkata: Muslim organisations and political parties in West Bengal are preparing to mount a pushback — on the streets and in courts — against the Narendra Modi government’s contentious Citizenship Amendment Bill even as Northeast states like Assam and Tripura witness turbulent scenes. [12] Today, the economy of West Bengal is the sixth-largest state economy in India with a gross state domestic product (GSDP) of ₹12.54 lakh crore (US$180 billion),[3] and has the country's 23rd-highest GSDP per capita of ₹115,748 (US$1,600). As of 2017, West Bengal is divided into 23 districts. Blocks consists of panchayats (village councils) and town municipalities. Rice is the state's principal food crop. Administration by governors appointed by the court of the Mughal Empire gave way to semi-independence under the Nawabs of Murshidabad, who nominally respected the sovereignty of the Mughals in Delhi. [206], Eid al-Fitr is the most important Muslim festival in West Bengal. Simultaneously, some parts of the region were ruled by several Hindu states, and Baro-Bhuyan landlords, and part of it was briefly overrun by the Suri Empire. In the same year, plans for a 300 billion Jindal Steel project was mothballed. As per the report published by the Census of India on 31st Mar., 2011, the state of West Bengal has got a total population of 91, 347, 736. In 2003 the state government supported the creation of West Bengal University of Technology, West Bengal University of Health Sciences, West Bengal State University, and Gour Banga University. Their social reforms eventually led to a cultural atmosphere that made it possible for practices like sati, dowry, and caste-based discrimination, or untouchability, to be abolished. Pandals are erected in various cities, towns, and villages throughout West Bengal. “Of the 10 parliamentary seats where the non-Bengali population forms 30-40 percent, the TMC lost 6 seats,” says Kolkata-based political analyst and psephologist Biswanath Chakraborty. [118]:14 Tea is produced commercially in northern districts; the region is well known for Darjeeling and other high-quality teas. While the summer in the delta region is noted for excessive humidity, the western highlands experience a dry summer like northern India. [118]:20 Kolkata is the headquarters of three zones of the Indian Railways—Eastern Railway and South Eastern Railway and the Kolkata Metro, which is the newly formed 17th zone of the Indian Railways. [159] Data from 2010 to 2014 showed the life expectancy in the state was 70.2 years, higher than the national value of 67.9. The movement had many adherents, including: Gaganendranath Tagore, Ramkinkar Baij, Jamini Roy and Rabindranath Tagore. In rural regions of West Bengal state, female sex ratio per 1000 males was 953 while same for the child (0-6 age) was 959 girls per 1000 boys. The state shares its borders with Assam, Bhutan, Nepal, Odisha, Jharkhand, Bangladesh, Bihar and Sikkim.The capital city is Kolkata and it is ever vibrant. West Bengal is the sixth largest contributor to India's GDP. [211], Some of the notable schools in the city are: Ramakrishna Mission Narendrapur, Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission, Sister Nivedita Girls' School, Hindu School, Hare School, La Martiniere Calcutta, Calcutta Boys' School, St. James' School (Kolkata), South Point School, St. Xavier's Collegiate School, and Loreto House, Loreto Convent, Asansol some of which rank amongst the best schools in the country. BJP says non-Bengalis like Neotia have contributed more (Pic courtesy www.mid-day.com. [154] Buddhism remains a prominent religion in the Himalayan region of the Darjeeling hills; almost the entirety of West Bengal's Buddhist population is from this region. The Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science is the first research institute in Asia. Muslim Population in West Bengal is 2.47 Crore (27.01 percent) of total 9.13 Crore. [91], From a phytogeographic viewpoint, the southern part of West Bengal can be divided into two regions: the Gangetic plain and the littoral mangrove forests of the Sundarbans. [230] Other major Bengali newspapers are: Bartaman, Sangbad Pratidin, Aajkaal, Jago Bangla, Uttarbanga Sambad and Ganashakti. Panta bhat (rice soaked overnight in water) with onion and green chili is a traditional dish consumed in rural areas. This preprint has a lot of Bengalis from Birbhum district in West Bengal of various castes. [27] Several Vedic realms were present in the Bengal region, including Vanga, Rarh, Pundravardhana and the Suhma Kingdom. “Just as they have tried to divide Hindus and Muslims, they are now trying to create a rift between Bengali and non-Bengalis,” he said. [37], Rajendra Chola I of the Chola dynasty invaded some areas of Bengal between 1021 and 1023. In West Bengal, 7,820,710 children (0-6) live in rural areas. The British East India Company defeated Siraj ud-Daulah, the last independent Nawab, in the Battle of Plassey in 1757. [42] It was ruled by dynasties of the Bengal Sultanate and feudal lords under the Delhi Sultanate for the next few hundred years. [85] West Bengal receives the Bay of Bengal branch of the Indian Ocean monsoon that moves in a southeast to northwest direction. [119] The Durgapur-Asansol colliery belt is home to a number of steel plants. [163], As of September 2017, of 125 towns and cities in Bengal, 76 have achieved open defecation free (ODF) status. In Bengal, 71% of women aged 15–49 years and 81% of men aged 15–49 years are literate. West Bengal Election 2021: 'স্ত্রীয়ের দখল নিতে পারে না, বেহালার দখল নেবে', সৌমিত্র খাঁকে খোঁচা তারকের [202], Durga Puja is the biggest, most popular and widely celebrated festival in West Bengal. The region was a hotbed of the Indian independence movement and has remained one of India's great artistic and intellectual centres. [235][236][237], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}22°34′N 88°22′E / 22.567°N 88.367°E / 22.567; 88.367 (West Bengal), "Paschim Banga" redirects here. Religion wise, Hinduism is the major religion in West Bengal with 70.5%, followed by Muslim with 27%. Bengali dance forms draw from folk traditions, especially those of the tribal groups, as well as the broader Indian dance traditions. Population of West Bengal - Located between Himalayas and the Bay of Bengal, West Bengal is fourth most populous state in India. However, there has been a significant increase in food production since the 1980s and the state now has a surplus of grains. The citadel of Gauḍa served as the capital of the Gauḍa Kingdom, the Pala Empire, and the Sena Empire. [39] Following the Ghurid conquests led by Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji and the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate, it spread across the entire Bengal region. [4] As of 2001, in decreasing order of number of speakers, the languages of the state are: Bengali (85.27%), Hindi (7.17%), Santali (2.80%), Urdu (2.06%), and Nepali (1.28%). [230] Ananda Bazar Patrika, published in Kolkata with 1,277,801 daily copies, has the largest circulation for a single-edition, regional language newspaper in India. Both West Bengal and Bangladesh are parts of historical and geographic region of Bengal. [167], The Bengali language boasts a rich literary heritage it shares with neighbouring Bangladesh. Folk music in West Bengal is often accompanied by the ektara, a one-stringed instrument. [214][215] Kolkata has played a pioneering role in the development of the modern education system in India. The TMC is trying to invoke the Bengali pride among the voting population, in line with BJP’s ‘Gujarati asmita’ poll plank in Gujarat, following good response to its insider versus outsider campaign. [121], In September 2017, West Bengal achieved 100% electrification, after some remote villages in the Sunderbans became the last to be electrified. After Indian Independence, important groups such as the Calcutta Group and the Society of Contemporary Artists were formed in Bengal and came to dominate the art scene in India. Total population of rural areas of West Bengal state was 62,183,113. [108] Siliguri is an economically important city, strategically located in the northeastern Siliguri Corridor (Chicken's Neck) of India. Following the West Bengal State Assembly Election in 2011, the All India Trinamool Congress and Indian National Congress coalition under Mamata Banerjee of the All India Trinamool Congress was elected to power with 225 seats in the legislature. [120], Years after independence, West Bengal is dependent on the central government for help in meeting its demands for food; food production remained stagnant, and the Indian green revolution bypassed the state. A brief history of migration in West Bengal. “Bengalis and non Bengalis have always stood side by side, as brothers and sisters.” A key member of TMC’s communication wing said the party was keen to focus on the term “tourist gang” in its outreach. . People in the state have often stood up to authoritarian governments. Bengalis make distinctive sweetmeats from milk products, including Rôshogolla, Chômchôm, Kalojam and several kinds of sondesh. The population development of all urban agglomerations and single cities in West Bengal with more than 20,000 inhabitants by census years. The main seasons are summer, the rainy season, a short autumn and winter. Monsoons bring rain to the whole state from June to September. Marwari, Maithil and Bhojpuri speakers are scattered throughout the state; various indigenous ethnic Buddhist communities such as the Sherpas, Bhutias, Lepchas, Tamangs, Yolmosand et… The Lady Brabourne College was established in 1939. [51] Bengal suffered from the Great Bengal famine in 1943, which claimed three million lives during World War II. It has hosted many national and international sporting events like the SAF Games of 1987 and the 2011 FIFA friendly football match between Argentina and Venezuela featuring Lionel Messi. Smart cities are being planned close to Kolkata, and major roadway projects are in the offing to revive the economy. [18] The Bengali word Bongo might have been derived from the ancient kingdom of Vanga (or Banga). The population of West Bengal makes up 7.8% of India’s total population. 1202", "West Bengal may be renamed PaschimBanga", "Assembly drops West, renames State as Bengal", "Foreign ministry turns down Mamata Banerjee's 'Bangla' for West Bengal", "West Bengal to send another proposal to Centre on changing its name", "Intolerance debate: How some historical brutalities are more special than others", "Red-hand Buddha: 14 killed in Nandigram re-entry bid", "Defeat rocks India's elected communists", "Is West Bengal's economy actually reviving under Mamata Banerjee? By. In Darjeeling, which is above 1,500 metres (4,900 ft), temperate forest trees like oaks, conifers and rhododendrons predominate. [125], However, over the years due to effective changes in the stance towards industrialisation, ease of doing business has improved in West Bengal. The 1987 Cricket World Cup final was hosted in Eden Gardens. [194] Bengal's vast repertoire of fish-based dishes includes hilsa preparations, a favourite among Bengalis. Notable handloom saris include tant, jamdani, garad, korial, baluchari, tussar and muslin. 22% of women and 14% of men age 15–49 years have never attended school. Following the death of Emperor Aurangzeb in the early 1700s, the proto-industrialised Mughal Bengal became a semi-independent state under the Nawabs of Bengal. Broadband Internet is available in select towns and cities and is provided by the state-run BSNL and by other private companies. In West Bengal, 7,820,710 children (0-6) live in rural areas. [183] Like other states in northern India, West Bengal also has a heritage in North Indian classical music. [57] Banerjee was re-elected as Chief Minister in the 2016 election in which Trinamool Congress won an absolute majority. According to a senior leader in the Hyderabad-based party, Owaisi has seen in West Bengal a fertile ground for his expansion plans, as Muslims constitute around 30 per cent of the state’s population. A leather complex has been built in Kolkata. [82] Damodar, another tributary of the Ganges and once known as the "Sorrow of Bengal" (due to its frequent floods), has several dams under the Damodar Valley Project. Refugee resettlement and related issues continued to play a significant role in the politics and socio-economic condition of the state. Hinduism is the largest religious tradition in the Indian state of West Bengal with approximately 70.54% of the population identifying themselves as Hindus (as of 2011). For example, the foothills of the Himalayas, the Dooars, are densely wooded with sal and other tropical evergreen trees. Ancient Bengal was the site of several major Janapadas, while the earliest cities date back to the Vedic period. 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